Bolshevik forces march on Red Square, 1917.

1917 Russian Bolshevik Revolutions—Soviet Revolution

The 1917 Bolshevik coups d’état toppled the Russian Empire. In the initial chaos, members of the Imperial Parliament formed a provisional government, which was only marginally supported. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia formed the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, but the union lasted only from April 22 to May 26, 1918, due to political and cultural disputes. The three nations became individual countries after May 26, 1918.

With the 1917 Russian revolutions, territories broke away from the Russian empire to form independent nations. Following the overthrow of the Russian czar Nicholas II, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia formed the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic the following year.